{"id":1891,"date":"2026-08-14T06:26:05","date_gmt":"2026-08-14T06:26:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.umu.cn\/?post_type=umu_dictionary&#038;p=1891"},"modified":"2026-08-14T06:26:05","modified_gmt":"2026-08-14T06:26:05","slug":"1891","status":"publish","type":"umu_dictionary","link":"https:\/\/www.umu.cn\/en\/product\/dictionary\/1891\/","title":{"rendered":"\u523b\u610f\u7ec3\u4e60"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u523b\u610f\u7ec3\u4e60\uff08Deliberate Practice\uff09\u662f\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u7279\u5b9a\u80fd\u529b\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u3001\u5728\u660e\u786e\u53cd\u9988\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u4e0b\u9488\u5bf9\u8584\u5f31\u73af\u8282\u53cd\u590d\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u9ad8\u4e13\u6ce8\u5ea6\u7ec3\u4e60\uff0c\u7531\u4f5b\u7f57\u91cc\u8fbe\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u6559\u6388 K. Anders Ericsson \u4e0e Ralf Krampe\u3001Clemens Tesch-R\u00f6mer \u4e8e 1993 \u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u523b\u610f\u7ec3\u4e60\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5c1a\u672a\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u7ec3\u4e60\u8005\u6301\u7eed\u5904\u5728\u7565\u9ad8\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0a\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0a\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u5fc5\u7136\u4e0d\u5b8c\u7f8e\uff0c\u66b4\u9732\u51fa\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u6b63\u662f\u7ec3\u4e60\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u523b\u610f\u7ec3\u4e60\u5305\u542b\u56db\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u660e\u786e\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff08Specific goal\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u7ec3\u4e60\u9488\u5bf9\u4e00\u9879\u88ab\u6e05\u695a\u754c\u5b9a\u7684\u5b50\u6280\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u7b3c\u7edf\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u8868\u73b0\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\uff08Appropriate difficulty\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u4efb\u52a1\u96be\u5ea6\u7565\u9ad8\u4e8e\u7ec3\u4e60\u8005\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4ed8\u51fa\u52aa\u529b\u624d\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5373\u65f6\u7684\u53cd\u9988\uff08Immediate feedback\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u7ec3\u4e60\u8005\u5728\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6216\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u7acb\u5373\u83b7\u5f97\u9488\u5bf9\u5177\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u53cd\u9988\uff0c\u636e\u6b64\u8bc6\u522b\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u6240\u5728\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5e26\u8c03\u6574\u7684\u91cd\u590d\uff08Informed repetition\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u7ec3\u4e60\u8005\u6839\u636e\u53cd\u9988\u4fee\u6b63\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u6216\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0a\u518d\u6b21\u7ec3\u4e60\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u53cd\u9988\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u91cd\u590d\u80fd\u5426\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u7f3a\u5c11\u53cd\u9988\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u53ea\u4f1a\u56fa\u5316\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5bf9\u4f01\u4e1a\u57f9\u8bad\u7684\u542f\u53d1<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f01\u4e1a\u57f9\u8bad\u4e2d\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u7ec3\u4e60\u73af\u8282\uff0c\u4e0e\u523b\u610f\u7ec3\u4e60\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u786e\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u7f3a\u53e3\u3002\u9500\u552e\u6280\u5de7\u57f9\u8bad\u4e2d\u5b89\u6392\u4e00\u8f6e\u89d2\u8272\u626e\u6f14\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u8005\u4e24\u4e24\u5206\u7ec4\u6a21\u62df\u5ba2\u6237\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff0c\u7ec3\u4e60\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u7531\u540c\u4f34\u6216\u8bb2\u5e08\u7ed9\u51fa\u8bc4\u4ef7\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u53cd\u9988\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u6574\u4f53\u5370\u8c61\u5f0f\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u6307\u5411\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u54ea\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u3001\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u7ec3\u4e60\u4e5f\u5f88\u96be\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u4e00\u6b21\u57f9\u8bad\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4eba\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u5230\u4e24\u6b21\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8981\u6ee1\u8db3\u523b\u610f\u7ec3\u4e60\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7ec3\u4e60\u4efb\u52a1\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u9879\u660e\u786e\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u7ec3\u4e60\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u9488\u5bf9\u5177\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u53cd\u9988\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u540c\u4e00\u7c7b\u60c5\u5883\u53ef\u4ee5\u53cd\u590d\u7ec3\u4e60\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"template":"","class_list":["post-1891","umu_dictionary","type-umu_dictionary","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.umu.cn\/wp-cms\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/umu_dictionary\/1891","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.umu.cn\/wp-cms\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/umu_dictionary"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.umu.cn\/wp-cms\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/umu_dictionary"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.umu.cn\/wp-cms\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1891"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}